Identifying Characteristics: Similar looking to Dutchman's breeches, smaller in size, and has more of a heart-shaped flowers, only prominent in spring and goes dormant in the summer Death from paralysis of respiratory musclesĪnimals Affected: Humans, livestock, poultry Squirrel Corn ( Dicentra canadensis).Flowers are small, white, clumped together. Leaves are compound with 2 to 4 leaflets that look lacy and overall are triangular in shape. Stem can be streaked with red or purple on the lower half. Identifying Characteristics: Herbaceous plant with smooth, green, hollow stem. Poisonous Plant Part: Foliage and green berriesĪnimals Affected: Sheep, goats, chickens, ducks, hogs Poison Hemlock ( Conium maculatum) Flowers are white to pink/purple, with bright yellow stamens in the middle, fruit are shiny black berries. Identifying Characteristics: Herbaceous plant that can get several feet high. Leaves alternate and vary in size, they are coarse feeling and toothed along the edge. Poisonous Plant Parts: All parts, especially rootsĪnimals Affected: Cattle, hogs Nightshade ( Solanum americanum) Nausea, vomiting, constipation and bloating.Poisonous Principle: Alkaloid (Delphinine) Leaves alternate and are deeply lobed and narrow. Larkspur flowers are purple to blue and grow on the top third of the plant. Identifying Characteristics: Green, hollow stem, which differentiates it from monkshood. Poisonous Plant Parts: All parts, especially seed and leavesĪnimals Affected: Humans, livestock Larkspur ( Delphinium sp.) Poisonous Principle: Alkaloid (Hyoscyamine) Flowers are white to violet and trumpet shaped. Leaves are 3 to 8 inches long, smooth and toothed, upper surface is dark green and the underside is light green. Identifying Characteristics: Foul-smelling, branching herb that can form into a bush. Burning sensation in the throat, mouth, and stomachĪnimals Affected: Cattle, sheep, goats, hogs Jimson weed or Devil's snare ( Datura stramonium).Poisonous Principle: Calcium oxalate crystals possibly alkaloid Identifying Characteristics: One or two leaves with 3 leaflets on their own stem, the flowering body is on a separate steam and "cloaked" by a hood-like leaf surrounding the flowering body These are usually found near waterĪnimals Affected: Sheep, cattle, (horses less susceptible) Jack-in-the-Pulpit or Indian turnip ( Arisaema triphylum) These stems are rough feeling and used to be used for scouring while cleaning. Identifying Characteristics: Typically leafless and flowerless plant that has segmented stems. Poisonous Plant Part: Plants, especially tubersĪnimals Affected: Cattle, horses Horsetails or Scouring Rushes ( Equisetum sp.) Poisonous Principle: Alkaloid (Cucullarine) Identifying Characteristics: Stems are pinkish-green, leaves can be 4 to 14 inches long and 1 to 7 inches wide with 3 budding from one spot, these leaves have finely divided leaflets, and flowers are pink to white with 2 obvious points pointing upwards Poisonous Plant Parts: Small plants, seedsĪnimals Affected: Mainly hogs and cattle, but possible for other animals Dutchman's breeches ( Dicentra cucullaria) Spasmodic contractions of limbs and neck.Vomiting, weakness, ataxia, subnormal temperature.Poisonous Principle: Carboxyatractyloside Identifying Characteristics: Leaves are spirally arrangedaround a green stem, the seed cases are hardy and spiny and usually spherical Poisonous Principle: Euonymin (not definitely known)Īnimals Affected: Horses, sheep, cattle Cocklebur ( Xanthium sp.) Identifying Characteristics: Woody Stemmed vine winding around other vegetation, simple oval shaped leaves, white/green flowers tha produce bright orange fruits when ripe Poisonous Principle: Higher alcohol (anemenol)Īnimals Affected: All Animals Climbing bittersweet ( Celastrus scandens) Identifying Characteristics: Smooth stems, leaves are compound with 3 extremely lobed leaflets, yellow flower with petals Poisonous Plant Part: All of the plant, especially leavesĪnimals Affected: Horses, cattle, sheep Buttercup ( Ranunculus acris) Poisonous Principle: Thiaminase (in horses), unidentified in cattle Can be over 3 feet and tend to grow in large colonies Identifying Characteristics: Single stem with 3 fronds (fern leaves) in a triangular shape. Bracken Fern ( Pteridum aquilinum) & others: This information may help your veterinarian diagnose poisoned livestock. It provides information about the toxic substance, the animal's symptoms, the parts of the plants that are poisonous and which animals have been known to be affected by the plant. The following table provides a listing of common poisonous woodland plants. The plants may not be poisonous to all livestock. For some plants, only certain parts of the plants are poisonous. Some of these plants will only make animals delirious others will kill them. There are a number of plants in Iowa's woodlands which may be poisonous to livestock.
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